面向低空广域立体覆盖的ISAC理论与关键技术

摘要：围绕低空经济驱动下的广域立体覆盖需求，本研究概述了通信感知一体化（ISAC）在低空智联网中的理论与技术进展。首先，从低空广域立体覆盖需求出发，分析低空场景下通信随机性与感知确定性的内在冲突，引入随机矩阵理论（RMT）确立通感性能的理论边界。随后，结合低空场景传播特性，重点分析多站协同感知、可重构智能表面（RIS）、可移动天线（MA）、空间-极化域联合优化，以及安全、隐私与可信监管等关键技术。本研究旨在为构建高可靠、高精度的智能化低空智联网提供坚实的理论支撑与技术路径。

关键词：低空经济；广域立体覆盖；通信感知一体化；随机矩阵理论；空间自由度

Abstract: Driven by the low-altitude economy, the demand for wide-area stereoscopic coverage has grown rapidly. This paper reviews the theoretical and technological advancements of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in low-altitude intelligent networks. First, driven by the demands of such coverage, the inherent conflict between communication randomness and sensing determinism in low-altitude scenarios is analyzed. Random matrix theory (RMT) is then introduced to establish the theoretical performance boundaries of ISAC. Subsequently, given the propagation characteristics of low-altitude environments, this paper emphatically analyzes the operational mechanisms and development trends of critical technologies, including cooperative sensing, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), movable antennas (MA), joint optimization of spatial-polarization domain, and security, privacy and trusted regulation. Finally, this paper aims to provide robust theoretical support and technical pathways for constructing highly reliable, high-precision, intelligent low-altitude networks.

Keywords: low-altitude economy; wide-area stereoscopic coverage; integrated sensing and communication; random matrix theory; spatial degrees of freedom