6G通感一体化关键技术和标准发展

摘要：系统研究了6G通感一体化（ISAC）的关键技术与标准化进展，重点围绕通感用例场景、信道建模、网络架构与协议流程、物理层感知信号设计、感知和通信及定位融合等展开讨论，分析了包括无人机感知在内的感知用例的社会价值与技术需求。在信道模型方面，介绍了基于3GPP R19框架的感知目标信道与背景信道联合建模方法，并结合雷达散射截面（RCS）动态特性与环境散射特性，描述了兼顾通信与感知的统一信道模型。进一步地，探讨了感知网络架构、流程与物理层安全，对比了6种感知模式的适用性，并给出了感知参考信号的方案。最后，提出了感知辅助通信与定位、AI融合的技术路径，通过跨网元信息交互实现资源调度优化与感知精度提升。研究成果为6G通感一体化的标准化与产业化落地提供了理论支撑与实践参考。

关键词：6G；通感一体化；信道模型；感知网络架构；参考信号

Abstract: This paper systematically investigates the key technologies and standardization progress of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in 6G, with a focus on sensing-use case scenarios, channel modeling, network architecture and protocol procedures, physical-layer sensing signal design, as well as the integration of sensing with communication and positioning. The social value and technical requirements of sensing use cases, including unmanned aerial vehicle sensing, are analyzed. In terms of channel modeling, based on the 3GPP Release 19 framework, a joint modeling approach for target and background channels supporting sensing functionality is introduced. By incorporating radar cross section (RCS) dynamic characteristics and environmental scattering properties, a unified channel model that accommodates both communication and sensing is described. Furthermore, this paper explores the sensing network architecture and procedures, compares the applicability of six sensing schemes, and proposes sensing reference signal designs. Finally, a technical pathway for sensing-assisted communication and positioning fusion is proposed, which enhances resource scheduling optimization and sensing accuracy through cross-network-element information interaction. The research findings provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the standardization and industrial implementation of 6G ISAC.

Keywords: 6G; integrated sensing and communication; channel model; sensing-aware network architecture; reference signal