语义通信技术商用化之路

摘要：随着人工智能技术的快速发展，传统以比特传输为核心的通信范式正面临根本性变革。本文系统梳理了语义信息处理与通信从理论起源到技术演进的发展脉络，阐明其本质内涵与核心优势，分别从通信与智能两个维度，剖析其商用化面临的关键挑战并研判发展前景。语义通信是6G的重要候选技术，其商用化仍受制于理论体系不完善、全链路技术成熟度不足、标准化进程滞后三重瓶颈；而智能化的持续推进，特别是智能体技术的发展，将有力推动语义通信网的落地部署。前期研究表明，在工业物联网、应急通信、深海水声通信等具有明确语义任务和场景约束的垂直行业中，语义通信技术有望在3～5年内实现局部试商用；伴随6G技术和标准化的演进，语义编解码和语义认知网络架构等有望在5～10年纳入全球6G标准框架；而实现全网络语义内生智能化的大规模部署，则预计需要10～20年。本研究可为学术界与产业界开展语义通信研究及应用部署提供参考。

关键词：语义通信；商用化；语义通信网；通信体系架构；智能体通信；下一代移动通信

Abstract: With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the traditional communication paradigm centered on bit transmission is undergoing fundamental changes. This paper systematically reviews the development route of semantic information processing and communication from theoretical origins to technological evolution, and clarifies its essential connotation and core advantages. From the two dimensions of communication and intelligence, it analyzes the key challenges faced by its commercialization and forecasts its industrial prospects. As an important candidate technology for 6G, the commercialization of semantic communication is still restricted by three major bottlenecks: imperfect theoretical system, insufficient maturity of full-link technologies, and lagging standardization process. The continuous advancement of intelligence, especially the development of agent technology, will effectively promote the practical deployment of semantic communication networks. Previous studies have shown that in vertical industries with clear semantic tasks and scenario constraints, such as industrial Internet of Things, emergency communications, and deep-sea underwater acoustic communications, semantic communication technology is expected to achieve partial pilot commercialization within 3­­–5 years. With the evolution of 6G technologies and standardization, semantic encoding and decoding as well as semantic cognitive network architectures are expected to be incorporated into the global 6G standard framework in 5­­–10 years. In contrast, the large-scale deployment of full-network endogenous semantic intelligence is estimated to take 10­­–20 years. This work can provide references for academic and industrial communities to carry out research and application deployment of semantic communication.

Keywords: semantic communication; commercialization; semantic communication network; communication system architecture; agent communication; next-generation mobile communication