相变浸没式液冷系统研究

摘要：数据中心机柜功耗密度在不断提升，传统风冷散热已难以满足其未来高密度高效的散热需求。围绕最前沿的相变式液冷技术，首先对冷板式和浸没式相变液冷的技术原理、核心架构和技术参数进行分析与比较，接着从5个维度对液冷的冷却液介质进行深入分析，包括其分类、特性对比、分子结构、材料兼容和市场应用挑战，最后针对立式和卧式两种技术架构方案进行对比分析，并逐一探讨相变浸没液冷面临的两大难题。相变液冷冷却技术代表着未来超高密度散热的发展趋势，未来有望与风冷等基础散热技术深度融合，形成多技术耦合的新型冷却生态。

关键词：冷板式液冷；浸没式液冷；相变浸没式液冷；数据中心

Abstract: The power density of data center racks continues to escalate, rendering traditional air-cooling solutions increasingly inadequate to meet future demands for high-density, high-efficiency thermal dissipation. This paper focuses on the cutting-edge phase-change liquid cooling technology and first analyzes and compares the technical principles, core architectures, and key parameters of phase-change cold plate and immersion liquid cooling. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of liquid cooling media covers five dimensions: classification, comparative characteristics, molecular structure, material compatibility, and market application challenges. Finally, a comparative analysis of Tank and Rack technical architecture solutions is presented, alongside a detailed examination of the two primary challenges confronting phase-change immersion liquid cooling. Phase-change liquid cooling technology represents the development trajectory for ultra-high-density heat dissipation. It is anticipated that it can achieve deep integration with foundational thermal management technologies such as air cooling, ultimately fostering a novel cooling ecosystem characterized by multi-technology convergence.

Keywords: cold plate liquid cooling; immersion liquid cooling; phase-change immersion liquid cooling; data center