近场通信与定位：从球面波前模型到电磁场理论

近场通信与定位：从球面波前模型到电磁场理论

陈昂，陈力，卫国

（中国科学技术大学，中国 合肥 230026）

摘要：介绍并推导了电磁衍射域的感应近场区域、辐射近场区域、菲涅尔区域和远场区域的边界条件和辐射特征。针对辐射近场区域的通信，介绍了球面波前模型，认为通过球面波前模型可以正确地建模近场通信信号。针对辐射近场区域的定位，球面波前模型不再准确，因此采用电磁场理论去建模近场信道并提出了一个通用的近场定位模型，进而基于估计理论推导了近场定位的克拉美罗界。

关键词：电磁衍射域；近场通信；近场定位；球面波前模型；电磁场理论

Near-Field Communication and Positioning: From Spherical Wavefront Model to Electromagnetic Field Theory

CHEN Ang, CHEN Li, WEI Guo

(University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China)

Abstract: The boundary conditions and radiation characteristics of the reactive near-field, radiative near-field, Fresnel, and far-field regions of the electromagnetic diffraction domain are introduced and derived. For communication in the radiative near-field region, the spherical wavefront model is introduced, through which the near-field communication signal can be modeled correctly. For the positioning in the radiative near-field region, the spherical wavefront model is no longer accurate. The electromagnetic field theory is used to model the near-field channel and a general near-field positioning model is proposed, and the Cramér-Rao bound of near-field positioning based on the estimation theory is derived.

Keywords: electromagnetic diffraction domain; near-field communication; near-field positioning; spherical wavefront model; electromagnetic field theory