网络虚拟化的过去、现在和未来

[摘要] 网络虚拟化过程中主要诞生过4类过渡技术：虚拟局域网络（VLAN）、虚拟专用网络（VPN）、主动可编程网络（APN）、覆盖网络。网络虚拟化的研究现在主要集中于3个领域：云计算应用、平台化实现、软件定义网络。认为网络虚拟化的未来在性能保障、可靠性、易用性和完备性等方面需要加强，为此未来的网络虚拟化需要优化自身服务结构，并向无线网络、光网络等领域推广，此外还需要提供更加友好的可编程接口（API）以及网络功能。

[关键词] 网络虚拟化；云计算；软件定义网络；网络功能虚拟化

[Abstract] Four transitional steps have been taken on the road to network virtualization: local area network, virtual private network, active and programmable network, and overlay network. Current work focuses on how network virtualization is applied in cloud computing, platform realization, and software-defined networks. However, in the future, performance needs to be guaranteed, and the reliability and completeness of network virtualization need to be improved. Therefore, we should optimize the structure of service, expand network range to wireless & optical network, and make the application programming interfaces and network functions more user-friendly.

[Keywords] network virtualization; cloud computing; software defined networks; network function virtualization